School transitions

There are many transitions that happen as part of school life. It could be moving to a new year group, changing classes or schools entirely, or moving from primary to secondary. Transitions can be particularly challenging for autistic or ADHD children. These periods of change often bring anxiety, increased rigidity, and challenges in social and academic life. With preparation and support, you can help your children navigate these transitions in a positive way.

Why are transitions difficult?

Routine disruption: Both ADHD and autistic children often need predictable routines for comfort and stability. Transitions disrupt these routines. This can lead to anxiety, behavioural issues, and difficulties with self-regulation.

Social and environmental changes: New teachers, classmates, and environments can be overwhelming. Your child may also encounter unfamiliar social rules and sensory environments which can be especially challenging.

Executive functioning demands: Transitions require planning, organisation, and adaptability. Areas where both ADHD and autistic children may need extra support.

Increased risk of bullying and isolation: Changing schools or year groups can increase vulnerability to bullying and feelings of isolation.

Academic Pressures: New academic expectations, more independence, and unfamiliar routines can be sources of stress.

Helpful strategies

Start early and prepare gradually

Begin preparing your child for the transition months in advance, not just days or weeks before.

Arrange visits to the new school or classroom. Try to visit multiple times if possible. Try visiting when there aren’t other children there initially.

Use visual supports like photo books of the new environment and key staff members.

Take it as slow as your child needs.

Establish Predictable Routines

Reintroduce school routines before term starts—wake-up times, meals, and bedtime.

Mark dates on calendar and give reminders.

Practice New Skills

Rehearse the new journey to school, try on the uniform, and go through the daily timetable together.

Practice using planners, and help them identify what they need to pack.

Try practicing some scripts like asking where something is, or ordering lunch.

Communicate Openly

Talk about the transition. Encourage you child to talk about what they are looking forward to, as well as their worries. Use worry diaries or comics to help your child express concerns.

Share your child’s needs, strengths, and successful strategies with new teachers and staff. Consider creating a “Pupil Passport” or summary sheet.

Use Visual and Social Stories

Social stories and visual timetables help explain what to expect and reduce anxiety about the unknown.

Use timers or countdowns for micro-transitions throughout the day.

Support Social Connections

Arrange for your child to move up with a friend or peer if possible, or facilitate early introductions to classmates.

Encourage and support participation in transition orientation days.

Get to know other parents and carers at the school.

Identify Senior Leadership and Special Educational Needs staff members.

Sensory and Emotional Supports

Prepare for sensory sensitivities by “wearing in” uniforms or altering them to fit your child’s needs. Help them to identify quiet spaces, and discuss coping strategies for overwhelming environments.

Allow for downtime and self-regulation breaks during and after the transition period.

Encourage Self-Advocacy and Independence

Teach your child how to ask for help and self-advocate with new teachers or peers.

Gradually build independence with new routines, but support for as long as it needed.

Monitor and Adjust

Keep in regular contact with teachers to monitor how your child is settling in and to address any issues early.

Be flexible and ready to adjust strategies as your child’s needs evolve.

Some things to remember

Transitions are a process, not a single event. Start early, plan gradually, and continue support well into the new school year or class.

Preparation, communication, and individualised support are crucial for reducing anxiety and promoting success.

Celebrate small successes and provide positive feedback to build confidence and resilience.

It’s ok to take a step back rather than pushing through.

Transitions in school can be made easier with the right planning and support. While they may be difficult for your child they can also become opportunities for growth and new beginnings.