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Puberty is a significant period of change for all young people, but it can be particularly challenging for those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The combination of hormonal fluctuations and the developmental changes associated with adolescence can intensify ADHD symptoms.
During puberty, both boys and girls experience hormonal changes that can make ADHD symptoms worse.
Boys: Increased testosterone levels during puberty are linked to heightened impulsivity and risk-taking behaviours. Boys with ADHD may be more susceptible to these influences, leading to increased instances of impulsive behaviour.
Girls: In contrast, girls often experience worsening symptoms related to emotional regulation. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and increased internalisation of problems. Research indicates that girls with ADHD may face more academic challenges and higher rates of mood disorders compared to their peers without ADHD.
Puberty also brings about changes in behaviour that can make ADHD symptoms worse:
Increased Emotional Sensitivity: Teens with ADHD may find it harder to manage their emotions, leading to more intense reactions to stress or frustration. This heightened emotional sensitivity can result in mood swings and irritability. Young people with ADHD may become more rejection sensitive in their pubescent years.
Desire for Peer Acceptance: As adolescents seek to fit in with their peers, they may resist support or medication that sets them apart. Many teens who previously were positive around treatment and support may begin to rebel against it during this phase.
Risk-Taking Behaviours: The drive to fit in can lead to impulsive decisions, making teens with ADHD more vulnerable to peer pressure and risky behaviours.
Increased Anxiety: Many autistic adolescents become more aware of social dynamics and may feel heightened anxiety about fitting in. This awareness can lead to feelings of depression or loneliness.
Puberty can also affect how effective ADHD medications are. Some teens may find that their medications are less effective, or they experience different side-effects as their bodies undergo changes. Regular consultations with healthcare providers are essential during this time to adjust treatment plans as necessary.
Navigating puberty with ADHD requires understanding and patience from parents and other adults around the young person. While this period can be fraught with challenges, many adolescents show improvement in their symptoms as they transition into adulthood. Supporting teens through open communication, consistent routines, and professional guidance can help them manage these changes positively.
